2010sghsmod1wh2 - Ch. 21 Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Spreads:

New Industrial Powers Emerge
- Belgium was the second European nation to industrialize, Britain was first.
- Britain was industrially superior to everyone else
- Germany, France, and the United States were able to catch up very quickly because of their abundant supplies of coal, iron, and other resources
- Germany, France, and the United States used British ideas to make their own things
- The United States and Germany quickly came to the top of the industrial revolution
- Some nations industrialized very slowly because they lacked either:
  - natural resources
  - or the capital to invest
  - Social and Political conditions? Ms. B
- Social changes also started to happen, such as urbanization.
- People worked long hours in very bad conditions, including:
  - men
  - women
  - children
Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
- Henry Bessemer: developed a new process for making steel from iron
  - patented in 1856 (Henry Bessemer
- Steel was:
  - lighter
  - harder
  - more durable
  - cheaper to make
- Steel was mainly used to make:
  - tools
  - bridges
  - railroads
- Transportation and Communication Advances
  - The transportation revolution took a new turn when Nikolaus Otto invented a gasoline powered internal combustion engine.
  - train?
  - airplane?
  - Morse Code and telephone?
  - In the early 1900's Ford began using the assembly line to mass-produce cars, making the United States a leader in the automobile industry. Explain how the assembly line enabled production to increase at such a rapid pace.
  - Interchangeable parts?
  - Electricity?
  - Monopoly?

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